Why is a jet pump capable of greater suction lift than a centrifugal pump?

A jet pump is capable of greater suction lift than a centrifugal pump primarily because it can develop negative pressure more effectively. This is due to the principle of how jet pumps operate. Jet pumps use a high-velocity fluid stream, usually driven by a motor, to create a vacuum or low-pressure area at the suction side of the pump. The high-speed flow of the pressurized fluid draws in the liquid from the source (like a well), leading to suction lift.

In contrast, centrifugal pumps rely on the spinning motion of impellers to create pressure and are generally limited by the atmospheric pressure and the liquid column they can lift. They are more effective for moving liquids without significant suction lift requirements, but they struggle when it comes to drawing fluid from significant depths, as the energy used is more directed towards pushing fluid rather than creating a vacuum.

Understanding the mechanics behind a jet pump allows us to see its advantages in applications requiring significant suction, which is why this answer is accurate in explaining the operational advantages of jet pumps over centrifugal pumps.