Which heat source is least effective in the Alberta geographical region?

In the context of the Alberta geographical region, an air source heat pump is generally considered the least effective heat source, especially during the cold winter months. Air source heat pumps rely on extracting heat from the outside air, and their efficiency dramatically decreases as outdoor temperatures drop. In Alberta, where winters can be extremely cold, air source heat pumps may struggle to provide sufficient heating, leading to higher energy consumption and reduced performance.

In contrast, geothermal sources utilize the stable temperatures found underground, which remain consistent throughout the year, making them very efficient for heating. Electric sources can also be effective, though they can be costly to operate, depending on electricity prices. Natural gas, being widely available in Alberta, is a highly effective and commonly used heating source for residential and commercial applications, making it more suitable for the region's climate compared to air source systems.